Which core characteristic is typical of students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD)?

Students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often exhibit challenges with reciprocal communication, which refers to the back-and-forth exchange of conversation and social interactions. This characteristic is foundational in understanding how individuals with ASD engage with others. Many may struggle to initiate conversations, maintain eye contact, or respond appropriately to social cues. These difficulties can manifest in various ways, such as not understanding the unwritten rules of social interaction, or exhibiting challenges in sharing experiences and emotions with others.

While hyperactivity and a need for movement could be observed in some individuals with ASD, these factors are not core characteristics of autism itself but rather relate to co-occurring conditions, such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Additionally, individuals with ASD can often express their desires and needs, albeit in ways that may differ from typical communication patterns. Lastly, feelings of guilt about others' emotions are more related to social empathy and may not be a prevalent experience for all individuals with ASD, as they often process social cues and emotional expressions differently.

Recognizing that difficulty in reciprocal communication is a core characteristic allows educators and caregivers to tailor interventions and support strategies that focus on enhancing communication skills and fostering social interactions.